Stimulants, or uppers, have the ability to make people feel awake and alert. Introduction leprosy is a disease caused by mycobacterium leprae lesions of skin and peripheral nerves are characteristic feature of this disease. Deepak k gupta slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In physiologic terms an anemia is any disorder in which the patient suffers from tissue hypoxia due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Shortterm anxiolytic therapy although it does not replace psychotherapy is particularly favorable for the excited and very anxious patient during psychosocial. Interface with medicines legislation european tissues and cells directive. Leon ke, salinas jl, mcdonald rw, sheth an, fairley jk am j trop med hyg 2015 nov. The multi drug therapy mdt for leprosy and mechanism of action of. Purpose antispasmodic drugs have been used to treat stomach cramps.
Medicines are drugs that can help cure sickness, relieve pain or prevent illness. Drugs, brains, and behavior the science of addiction image. Every drug has sideeffects and risks, but some drugs have more risks than others, especially illegal drugs. Ppt antiepileptic drugs powerpoint presentation free. Leake from the pharmacological laboratq1y, university of california, medical school, san franoisco, california inrroddclion the introduction of. Policy guidelines and drug label information were retrieved from manual searches of. The purpose of todays activity is for students to begin to understand how different drugs can affect the body. You can explore prescribing trends for this section by ccg, or learn more about this site. D lehigh university bios 10 bioscience in the 21st century september 10, 2010. Key concepts in drugs and society sage publications ltd. There is evidence that psychoactive plants such as ephedra were used by neanderthal man as far back as 50,000 years ago merlin, 2003, and all civilizations that have had access to these. Newer management options in leprosy rao p n, jain s indian j.
Introduction leprosy is a disease caused by mycobacterium leprae lesions of skin and peripheral nerves are characteristic feature of this disease 3. Dismukes from the department of medicine, division of infectious diseases, university of alabama at birmingham school of medicine in the united states, only 10 antifungal drugs are currently approved by the food and drug administration fda for the therapy of systemic fungal infections. Antiemetic drugs metoclopramide has antiemetic properties and also stimulates upper gastrointestinal motility. Diloxanide furoate luminal amoebicide highly effective against cysts pharmacokinetics. Antacids and other antiulcer drugs antacids usually containing aluminium or magnesium compounds can often relieve symptoms in ulcer dyspepsia and in nonerosive gastrooesophageal reflux. Antispasmodic drugs have been used to treat stomach cramps. In this video, dr anshuman has discussed about the mnemonics to easily remember the classification of anti leprotic drugs. For the treatment of moderate pain, it is recommended to combine aspirin. The problem and potential solution of combining drugs 10 january 2017 drugs are combined in endless wayschemotherapy and antinausea pills. The disease develops slowly from six months to 40 years. Changes in urinary ph, one drug can alter the ionization of another drug, and thereby increase or decrease the extent to which that drug undergo passive tubular reabsorption.
In a stereoselective synthesis, one of a set of isomers is predominantly or exclusively formed whereas in a stereospecific synthesis, one iso. The problem and potential solution of combining drugs. Traditionally, they were used to treat stomach ulcers, but for this purpose they have largely been replaced by the acid inhibiting compoundsa, the h2 receptor blockers such as cimetidine and ranitidine and the proton pump inhibtors such as omeprazole, lansoprazole and rabetazole. The goal of the national youth antidrug media campaign is to prevent drug use before it starts and encourage occasional users to discontinue use. Some drugs are illegal chemicals that have no medical use. Renshaw2 1behavioral psychopharmacology research laboratory, mclean hospitalharvard medical school, belmont, massachusetts.
So tyrosine kinase inhibitor as an antiangiogenic agent is new cancer. Clinicians handbook of prescription drugs seymour ehrenpreis, phd former chairman and professor emeritus of pharmacology chicago medical school chicago, il eli d. Leprosy or hansens disease leprosy is caused mainly by mycobacterium leprae, a rod shaped bacillus that is an obligate intracellular only grows inside of certain human and animal cells bacterium. Leake from the pharmacological laboratq1y, university of california, medical school, san franoisco, california inrroddclion the introduction of new therapeutic agents into medicine re. Antispasmodic drugs definition of antispasmodic drugs by.
Among the antileprotic drugs, only clofazimine inhibited the enzymic activities whereas dapsone had no effect whatsoever. Anemia anemia can be defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin,hematocrit or red cell number. Assess the differences between classes of biologic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug dmard therapy. The goal of the national youth antidrug media campaign is to prevent drug use before it starts and encourage occasional users to. This is a major advantage of clofazimine over other antileprosy drugs. Changes in urinary ph, one drug can alter the ionization of another drug, and thereby increase or decrease the extent to. Effects of some antituberculous and antileprotic drugs on. Type i type ii erythema nodosum leprosumrelapse in lepromatous type iii hsr slow and insiduous new crops of nodules glomerulonephritis, hepatitis,conjunctivitis keratitis,fever no tenderness reversalupgrading or downgrading in tuberculoid type iv hsr abrupt and sudden existing lesionedema,erythema tenderness. Based on individual patient characteristics, construct a treatment and monitoring plan for a patient with ra and, when appropriate, include biologic dmard therapy. It also briefly discusses the newer drugs and alternative regimens as. Its companion volume, chiral intermediates, presents the same detailed information for. Ethionamide is a antitubercular drug that has significant antileprotic activity, but causes hepatotoxicity in 10% patients. Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, research shows that the earlier a person begins to use drugs, the more likely he or she is to develop serious problems.
Antispasmodic drugs definition antispasmodic drugs relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder. So the aim of this study is to see the effect of antituberculous and antileprotic drugs on these proteolytic enzymes. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The lowdose combination drugs should be distinguished from fixeddose combination drugs, which combine two agents at each of the highest recommended doses into one tablet for convenience. These drugs increase blood pressure and heart rate. Metoclopramide is effective against nausea and vomiting associated with gastrointestinal disorders or migraine, following surgery and chemotherapy and is also effective against radiationinduced nausea and vomiting. Thus,the national youth antidrug media campaign seeks to alter these demandrelated factors. Different types of drugs categories and types of illegal drugs. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Combination drug therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Drugs are chemicals that change the way your body works.
A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes. Ehrenpreis, md department of gastroenterology university of chicago chicago, il mcgrawhill medical publishing division new york chicago san francisco lisbon london. Pdf drug interactionsprinciples, examples and clinical. Narcotics hallucinogens depressants stimulants types of drugs. Most drugs fit into one or more of the following categories. Phenazine derivative clofaziminephenazine derivative clofazimine lamprene 3. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Main drugs used in chemotherapy of these diseases may inhibit the main lysosomal cysteine proteinases i. White matter fibers, parietal areas this publication is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced in its entirety without permission from nida. Different types of drugs categories and types of illegal. Chiral drugs is a comprehensive listing of over 2500 chiral drugs, classified by therapeutic class, and including structures and physical properties for each entry in the listing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. Anxiolytic medications antianxiety the use of psychotropic drugs may be indicated in severe emotional distress even if it is not psychosis, and has no risk to the patient or others. Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium leprae that causes damage to the skin and the peripheral nervous system. Neurochemistry of drug action insights from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and their relevance to addiction stephanie c. Campaign efforts should primarily target illicit drugs of first use.
Drugs, brains, and behavior the science of addiction. These drugs may be legal or illegal, helpful or harmful. Highlevel prescribing trends for antileprotic drugs bnf section 5. A pharmacological evaluation of certain antileprotic drugs 1 by h. Ulcerative lesions caused by mycobacterium ulcerans respond well to clofazimine. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Other antibiotics oflaxacin, minocycline, clarithromycin, current recommendations for the treatment of leprosy suggest multidrug regimens rather than monotherapy because such a regimen has proven to be more effective, delays the emergence of. But eutcd does assure ethical donation and donor safety. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Means living culture media is required for growth of this bacterium eg of culture media rat whole animal like. Refer to specialised medicines service sms prescribing guideline. The most disturbing adverse reaction to clofazimine is a redbrown. The term describes pharmacologic agents that undergo biotransformation producing substances which combine with receptors. The experimental properties of g30320 b663a new antileprotic agent.
Pdf the thermal behavior of some sulfonecontaining drugs, namely, dapsone dds. Classification of drugs sulfones dapsone antitubercular drugs rifampicin ethionamide phenazines. Using drugs can become a problem depending on a number of factors. Leprosy or hansens disease leprosy is caused mainly by mycobacterium leprae, a rod shaped bacillus that is an. Drugs in use, case studies for pharmacists and prescribers find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Neurochemistry of drug action university of georgia. General information about drugs saint marys college. Drugs that reduce cardiac output will decrease filtration rate of the kidney. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may 2020. Traditionally, they were used to treat stomach ulcers, but for this purpose they have largely been replaced by the acid inhibiting compoundsa, the h2 receptor blockers. The different types of drugs can be organized into categories. In modules 2 and 3, students learned about the parts of the brain and how information is sent throughout the body. These drugs speed up the bodys system and create a powerful feeling of energy. Hallucinogenic drugs and plants and poppers amyl nitrate are also taken for fun.
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